How Do People Catch Meningitis?
Some, but not all, types of viral and bacterial meningitis are contagious. People infected by a virus that causes meningitis may not always develop the disease, but they can pass on the virus to others, who may get menin-gitis. Fewer than 1 in 1,000 people infected with viruses that cause meningitis actually get meningitis. Most infected people do not get sick, or they become only mildly ill with a cold, rash, or low-grade fever.
Enteroviruses, the most common cause of viral meningitis, are very common in the summer and early fall, and many people catch them. Enteroviruses usually are spread through contact with saliva or mucus. This typically happens when people are exposed to the virus on the hands of, or on objects touched by, people with enteroviruses, then rub their own eyes, nose, or mouth.
The virus also is found in the stool (bowel movement) of people who are infected with enteroviruses. It is spread this way mainly by young children who are not toilet trained, or by adults who change the diapers of infected babies. Good hand washing (thoroughly and often) is important to prevent the spread of the viruses that cause meningitis.
Some forms of bacterial meningitis are contagious. The bacteria are spread through coughing, kissing, and other breath and throat secretions. They are not spread by casual contact. However, people who are in close contact with an infected person may catch the infection. This includes those who live in the same house as the infected person or children who go to the same daycare center as infected children. It also may include girlfriends or boyfriends who kiss infected people. Outbreaks may occur in places like dormitories, military barracks, and prisons.